Chamilo-lms-1.11.x - From XSS to account takeover && backdoor implantation
Set of vulnerabilities found on the Chamilo-lms-1.11.x version.
CVE-2021-37391 - From Stored XSS to account takeover
Title: From Stored XSS to account takeover Vulnerability: Stored XSS CVE ID: CVE-2021-37391 CVSS: Medium - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
A user without privileges in Chamilo LMS 1.11.x can send an invitation message to another user, e.g., the administrator, through main/social/search.php, main/inc/lib/social.lib.php and steal cookies or execute arbitrary code on the administration side via a stored XSS vulnerability via social network the send invitation feature.
Proof-of-Concept
A guest user without privileges on the Chamilo LMS could send an invitation with a malicious message that could put at risk the administrator's privacy. Basically, it was possible to take advantage of a stored XSS vulnerability and stole the authentication token of another user - in this case, the administrator. This scenario could be abused to get access over the administrator account (takeover).
After that, click on "Send message" button.
On the admin side, the payload is executed by opening the invitations panel on the left menu.
By using a custom payload, it was possible to get the administrator's cookie and clone their session.
Impact: By using this vulnerability, an unprivileged user can steal cookies from an admin account or forcing the administrator to create an account with admin privileges with an HTTP 302 redirect.
Mitigation: Update the Chamilo to the latest version. Fix: https://github.com/chamilo/chamilo-lms/commit/de43a77049771cce08ea7234c5c1510b5af65bc8
ExploitDB: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50694
CVE-2021-37390 - Reflected XSS search mechanism
Title: Reflected XSS search mechanism Vulnerability: Reflected XSS CVE ID: CVE-2021-37390 CVSS: Medium - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
A Chamilo LMS 1.11.14 reflected XSS vulnerability exists in main/social/search.php=q URI (social network search feature).
Impact: By using this vulnerability, an unprivileged user can steal cookies from an admin account or forcing the administrator to create an account with admin privileges with an HTTP 302 redirect.
Mitigation: Update the Chamilo to the latest version.
Fix: https://github.com/chamilo/chamilo-lms/commit/3fcc751d5cc7da311532a8756fba5a8778f50ca0
CVE-2021-37389 - From Stored XSS to PHP backdoor implantation
Title: From Stored XSS to PHP backdoor implantation Vulnerability: Stored XSS CVE ID: CVE-2021-37389 CVSS: Medium - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:H
Chamilo 1.11.14 allows stored XSS via main/install/index.php and main/install/ajax.php through the port parameter.
As expected, the sent payload will be stored on the config.php file on the web-server. As this parameter was not validated in the right way, it could be abused to implant a PHP backdoor on the web-server by using the port parameter to inject the malicious payload presented below.
Target payload:
The values will be written into your configuration file app/config/configuration.php 😎
We got it 😎
BONUS: Another XSS's
During the installation process, a lot of fields are also vulnerable to stored XSS, namely:
Administrator login
Administrator first name
Administrator last name
Administrator email
Your personal name; and
Your company short name
As a result, the payloads are stored in the database and reflected on the website.
Impact: By using this vulnerability, an unprivileged user can steal cookies from an admin account or forcing the administrator to create an account with admin privileges with an HTTP 302 redirect.
In addition, the port parameter can be also used to implant a PHP backdoor on the web-server.
Mitigation: Update the Chamilo to the latest version.
Fix: https://github.com/chamilo/chamilo-lms/commit/dfae49f5dc392c00cd43badcb3043db3a646ff0c
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